Parkinson's Disease Causes
In Parkinson's Disease, certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain gradually break down or die. Many of the symptoms are due to a loss of neurons that produce a chemical messenger in your brain called dopamine. When dopamine levels decrease, it causes atypical brain activity, leading to impaired movement and other symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.
The cause of Parkinson's Disease is unknown, but several factors appear to play a role, including:
- Genes: Researchers have identified specific genetic changes that can cause Parkinson's disease. But these are uncommon except in rare cases with many family members affected by Parkinson's disease.
- Environmental Triggers: Exposure to certain toxins or environmental factors may increase the risk of later Parkinson's disease, but the risk is small.
Researchers have also noted that many changes occur in the brains of people with Parkinson's disease, although it's not clear why these changes occur. These changes include:
- The presence of Lewy bodies: Clumps of specific substances within brain cells are microscopic markers of Parkinson's disease.
- Alpha-synuclein found within Lewy bodies: Although many substances are found within Lewy bodies, scientists believe an important one is the natural and widespread protein called alpha-synuclein (a-synuclein).